Ferdowsi is the first Persian poet who under the influence of The Holy Quran and Avista has started his mathnavi with the name of God, and has followed the same pattern in most of the stories narrated by the charismatic kings and heroes of Shahname. The influence, both in structure and content, can be seen in the poems written after Shahname.This article performs a triple task concerning this OPENING LINE: first it examines its linguistic aspects (verse-form, meter, rhyme, phonological and syllabic functions, ambiguity of words and concepts, identical-word deletion, specific function of the verb bargozashtan (to go beyond); second, it focuses on the relation between the OPENING LINE and the poet’s way of thinking, (the triangle Name-Soul-Wisdom, as well as some of his thinking origins); third, it describes the literary function of the LINE (rhetorical values, foregrounding, diathesis, antinomy of some references concerning one pronoun, snobbery). Finally the OPENING LINEs of seventeen mathnavis are presented in order to show that among all, Shahname’s OPENING verse occupies the highest position.

Background & Aims: Hydatid cyst is an endemic zoonosis in Iran which may involve various organs of body. Liver is involved in 80% of the cases; and lung is the second in 5-10% of cases. There are different methods for hydatid cyst surgery treatments; including Video Assisted Thoracic the Surgery, intact cystectomy, lobectomy, evacuation and bronchial OPENING closure (E.B.O.C). We have chosen the latter procedure.Materials & Methods: This paper is a retrospective review of 120 patients operated between 1990-2002. Results: The patients' age range was 3 up to 60 years; 62% males and 38% females. Patients present by symptoms as cough, sputum, bloody stained sputum, dyspnea, chest pain were 92% of the cases; 8% of the patients discovered incidentally. 10% of the patients suffered bloody stained sputum and 5% had intact hydatid cysts. Chest X ray used as a diagnostic procedure in 100% of the cases, and additional computerized tomography was (CT) used for 24 of the patients. Serologic tests used for 50% of the cases but it was not helpful in diagnosis. All patients were operated via a posterolateral thoracotomty. One hundred patients were operated by evacuation and Bronchial OPENING Closure (E.B.O.C), 8 patients lobectomy, and 5 patients by intact cystectomy and Wedge resections, and 7 patients were treated by Video Assisted Thoracotomy Surgery. There were no additional complication in one-year follow up in Evacuation and Bronchial OPENING Closure (E.B.O.C) procedure, and the residual cavity gradually filled up in 6 months. Conclusion: Using Evacuation and Bronchial OPENING Closure for long hydatic cyst didn't need any procedure to fill the remained cavity. After one year follow up there was not any recurrence or complication.

In Divans and versified works we face poems, particularly lyrics and odes, which Radif (or repeated words) in their OPENING verse is spread but from the second verse on, it becomes shorter so far as it ends in one word and vice versa. In other words, Radif is short in the OPENING verse but in subsequent verses it gets longer. There are other kinds of Radif which are clear in the OPENING verses but undergo changes in subsequent verses. Sometimes Radif in lyrics is only used in even verses and we can find verses in which Radif has been placed in Sadr (the beginning of the first LINE of a verse) instead of taking the place of Arooz (the end of the first LINE of a verse). In some cases, Radif and Rhyme are blended in a way that the last letter of rhyming word replaces the first letter of Radif.This does not seem to be coincidental; rather it can be said that this kind of application and escaping from the common traditions and rules used in poems is a kind of innovation and variety which has not been mentioned in the books dealing with rhyming. Enough evidence is presented to support the claim of the researcher.

This study was conducted to investigate the hydraulic efficiency of curb OPENING inlet structures adopted by the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT). The structure consists of a rectangular inlet placed in a depressed gutter. The effects of many design parameters on the efficiency of the curb inlet were experimentally investigated and reported in other sources, but cited in the text of the paper. Based on the results of the previous studies, an equation was developed for determining the efficiency of the inlet structure. The equation defines a relationship between three variables: 1) allowable flow spread on the road, 2) road longitudinal slope, and 3) a coefficient K which was itself found to be a function of structure length and road cross slope. Satisfactory agreement was obtained between the calculated and experimental values of efficiency. The empirical equation provides a practical method for the determination of curb inlet structure efficiency and spacing of the inlet structures along the roadway. Application of the equation to geometries not tested in this study can be done by experimentally determining the appropriate values of the coefficient K. An example for the application of the equation for design of curb inlets has been given at the end of the paper.